From theory to practice

Spanish military engineers in the Gulf of Mexico during the eighteenth century adapted European theoretical fortification techniques to local conditions, creating a 'learning place' that surpassed academic training. This adaptation was driven by the unique demands of the Caribbean and regional authorities. The study analyzed archival documents from the Archivo General de Indias (Seville) and compared them with preserved projects and European treatises to demonstrate this practical divergence.

Ángel Nieto Márquez, M. (2025). From theory to practice. Technical and Scientific Training in the Construction of Empires, 259–279. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003405726-14