Tracking Microplastics in Paradise: First Evidence of Pollution in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Maranhão, Brazil), a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Microplastic pollution, previously undocumented in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP) has been detected for the first time. The study identified significant variability in microplastic (MP) size, color, and polymer types, including rare materials like poly(ether–ether–ketone) (PEEK). Analysis revealed strong anthropogenic influences on MP distribution, particularly near urban areas and tourism hotspots, with Area 2 adjacent to the park emerging as a key source. Spectral analysis and dispersion modeling based on ocean currents and wind patterns confirmed transport connections between Areas 1 (inside LMNP) and 2, providing critical insights into pollution pathways. These findings establish a baseline for MP pollution in this vulnerable ecosystem and underscore the need for targeted conservation and waste management strategies.

Carvalho, É. P. B., Soares, W. R., Brito, R. R. d., Nunes, B. B. d. S., Rodrigues, A. S. d. L., Guimarães, A., Jacobucci, G. B., Matos, L. P. d., Guimarães, A. T. B., Gomes, A. R., Barbosa, N. D., Fonseca, E. M., Luz, T. M. d., & Malafaia, G. (2025). Tracking Microplastics in Paradise: First Evidence of Pollution in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Maranhão, Brazil), a UNESCO World Heritage Site. ACS ES&T Water, 5(6), 3176–3190. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestwater.5c00051