Historical Review of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilization in Pakistan

Archaeological excavations of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, two prominent sites of the ancient Indus (Harappan) civilization, have revealed advanced scientific and technological achievements from around 2500 BC. Despite its sophistication, the civilization declined by 1900 BC, leaving scholars puzzled about its disappearance. This review synthesizes historical and archaeological evidence from nearly 200 excavated sites, including Mohenjo-Daro—meaning 'hill of death' in Sindhi—located on the Indus River in southern Pakistan. While the exact cause of the civilization's collapse remains unresolved, the study underscores its significance as a foundational urban culture with complex urban planning, metallurgy, and trade systems. It also highlights the ongoing potential for discovery, with thousands of unexcavated sites still buried underground.

Jun. (2022). Historical Review of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Civilization in Pakistan. Pacific International Journal, 5(2), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.55014/pij.v5i2.185