Smart 3D printed elements for conservation of damaged heritage structures

Smart 3D-printed elements integrating sensor technologies offer a groundbreaking approach to the conservation of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Monastery of Batalha. This study demonstrates that 3D printing, when paired with materials like natural hydraulic lime (NHL) pastes and thermoplastics, can achieve high shape fidelity while maintaining compatibility with traditional structures. A comparative analysis revealed a trade-off between detailing precision and material authenticity, with NHL pastes showing promise for closer alignment to historical building practices. Innovatively, the incorporation of sensors enables real-time monitoring of environmental conditions and structural integrity, providing a scalable model for heritage conservation efforts worldwide.

Bourgeois, I., Sugiyama, G., Capistrano, J., Ascensão, G., Ferreira, V., & Rodrigues, H. (2025). Smart 3D printed elements for conservation of damaged heritage structures. Journal of Building Engineering, 112, 113595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.113595