The Glarus Double Fold: a serious scientific advance in mid nineteenth century Alpine Geology

The Glarus Double Fold, once dismissed as a flawed tectonic model, is re-evaluated here as a significant scientific advance in mid-19th century Alpine geology. This study challenges the traditional view that Arnold Escher and Albert Heim's recumbent fold concept hindered progress by demonstrating its role as an early application of global contraction theory to the Alps. By contextualizing Swiss Alpine geology between 1800 and 1850, the research shows how the Double Fold model marked a paradigm shift from earlier vertical uplift theories—rooted in metamorphic processes—to large-scale horizontal displacements. This reinterpretation positions the Double Fold as a precursor to the nappe tectonic revolution, highlighting its importance in shaping modern understanding of Alpine orogeny.

Letsch, D. (2014). The Glarus Double Fold: a serious scientific advance in mid nineteenth century Alpine Geology. Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 107(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-014-0158-8