An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Stone Quarrying Techniques in Historical Anuradhapura

Stone quarrying techniques in ancient Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, reveal advanced methods of block extraction through artificial fracturing. Researchers found that quarry workers exploited natural foliations and weathering fractures, then created additional splits by channeling, heating, or applying percussion pressure to the bedrock surface. A key innovation involved chiselled holes set along targeted areas, often leaving distinctive half-holes in separated fragments—a technique still observed in contemporary stone craftsmanship. By analyzing these patterns alongside interviews with traditional craftsmen, the study estimated the time and tools required for splitting, offering new insights into the efficiency of ancient quarrying practices.

Wagalawatta, T., Bebermeier, W., Kohlmeyer, K., & Schütt, B. (2016). An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Stone Quarrying Techniques in Historical Anuradhapura. Ethnoarchaeology, 8(2), 158–179. https://doi.org/10.1080/19442890.2016.1213973