Comparative Study of Symbolic Motifs of Peacock and Simurgh in Selected Historical Monuments of the Safavid Period in Ardabil and Isfahan Cities (Iran)

A comparative analysis of peacock and Simurgh motifs in Safavid-era monuments reveals distinct symbolic interpretations between Ardabil and Isfahan. In Ardabil, these motifs—predominantly found in interior and exterior spaces—embody deep mysticism, divine union, and inner purity, reflecting themes of spirituality and transcendence. Conversely, in Isfahan, the same motifs appear mostly on facades and gates, symbolizing guidance toward heaven and protection against evil. Simurgh motifs in Ardabil suggest unity in plurality and divinity, while in Isfahan they represent human attempts to overcome conflicting soul concepts rooted in Zoroastrian dualism. The study employed fieldwork, content analysis, and historical documentation to uncover these regional variations, offering insights into the cultural and religious evolution of Safavid architectural symbolism.

ESMİ, R., & SHAHBAZİ SHİRAN, H. (2022). Comparative Study of Symbolic Motifs of Peacock and Simurgh in Selected Historical Monuments of the Safavid Period in Ardabil and Isfahan Cities (Iran). Gazi University Journal of Science, 35(3), 776–791. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.730885