In situ Measurements of Oxygen Dynamics in Unsaturated Archaeological Deposits

A year-long study at Bryggen, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bergen, reveals significant spatial and temporal variations in oxygen concentrations within unsaturated archaeological deposits. Oxygen levels are primarily driven by soil air content exceeding 10–15% volume, with dissolved oxygen in rainwater playing a minor role. The findings, based on continuous monitoring using optical sensors, correlate oxygen dynamics with soil characteristics, precipitation, water content, and organic material degradation. This research advances the understanding of oxygen's role in archaeological material preservation, offering critical insights for conservation strategies.

Matthiesen, H., Hollesen, J., Dunlop, R., Seither, A., & de Beer, J. (2014). In situ Measurements of Oxygen Dynamics in Unsaturated Archaeological Deposits. Archaeometry, 57(6), 1078–1094. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12148