Human Rights-Based Approaches to World Heritage Conservation in Bagan, Myanmar: Conceptual, Political, and Practical Considerations

Human rights-based approaches to World Heritage conservation, while offering valuable insights for Bagan, Myanmar, face significant conceptual, political, and practical challenges. The study highlights that ambiguities in interpreting cultural, development, and land rights create uncertainty about who holds these rights. Politically, the enforcement of such policies is influenced by multilateral and bilateral negotiations between states, while practically, Myanmar's low legal and administrative capacity poses implementation hurdles. Despite these limitations, human rights-based approaches can still provide meaningful perspectives in World Heritage conservation efforts.

Kraak, A.-L. (2018). Human Rights-Based Approaches to World Heritage Conservation in Bagan, Myanmar: Conceptual, Political, and Practical Considerations. International Journal of Cultural Property, 25(1), 111–133. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0940739118000012