Freshwater Flux and Spatiotemporal Simulated Runoff Variability into Ilulissat Icefjord, West Greenland, Linked to Salinity and Temperature Observations near Tidewater Glacier Margins Obtained Using Instrumented Ringed Seals

A study of Ilulissat Icefjord, West Greenland, reveals that freshwater flux into the fjord is dominated by ice discharge from Jakobshavn Isbrae (85%), with runoff contributing 14% and other sources accounting for the remaining 1%. The research, spanning 2009–2013, used instrumented ringed seals to collect salinity and temperature data near tidewater glacier margins, providing unprecedented access to otherwise inaccessible waters. Simulated runoff showed significant spatiotemporal variability, correlating with observed hydrographic conditions in the upper fjord and southern arm. Notably, runoff spikes during late summer significantly altered salinity in the upper water column (0–50 m), while smaller variations had minimal impact. The study highlights the complex interplay between terrestrial runoff and glacial dynamics in shaping fjord conditions.

Mernild, S. H., Holland, D. M., Holland, D., Rosing-Asvid, A., Yde, J. C., Liston, G. E., & Steffen, K. (2015). Freshwater Flux and Spatiotemporal Simulated Runoff Variability into Ilulissat Icefjord, West Greenland, Linked to Salinity and Temperature Observations near Tidewater Glacier Margins Obtained Using Instrumented Ringed Seals. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 45(5), 1426–1445. https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0217.1