Sand, surf and sideways: A systems analysis of beaches as complex roadway environments

Beaches, when used as roadways, present complex and multifaceted driving environments that challenge traditional safety regulations. A study analyzing 150 reported incidents—including four fatalities—on K’gari (Fraser Island) revealed the intricate interplay of factors contributing to accidents in such settings. Using systems analysis approaches like Accimap and Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA), researchers identified competing priorities, conflicting constraints, and alternative pathways of accident causation. The findings highlight the need for improved stakeholder coordination and safety measures tailored to the unique demands of beach driving, which balances cultural, economic, and social implications.

Stevens, N. J., & Salmon, P. M. (2016). Sand, surf and sideways: A systems analysis of beaches as complex roadway environments. Safety Science, 85, 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2016.01.009