Copper coins from the Bolgar settlement as a historical source

A pioneering analysis of copper coins from the Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex reveals distinct elemental signatures that trace the origins of raw materials used by the Golden Horde during the 11th to 15th centuries. Ten groups with characteristic elemental ratios were identified through chemical composition studies, offering new insights into the monetary policy and economic practices of this medieval state. This interdisciplinary approach combines historical-numismatic research with advanced metallurgical analysis, marking the first such study in the Volga region. The findings not only shed light on the provenance of copper but also challenge traditional assumptions about the circulation and production of coins during this period.

Khramchenkova, R. K., Mukhametshin, J. G., Sitdikov, A. G., Fedan, P. V.,. (2022). Copper coins from the Bolgar settlement as a historical source. Golden Horde Review, 10(3), 584–600. https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-3.584-600