Sug'diyona Hududidagi Ilk Shaharlar va Ularning Mudofaa Devorlari (M.A. IV–I Ming Yilliklar)

Archaeological analysis of early urban settlements in the Sug'diyona region (modern-day Uzbekistan and northern Tajikistan) reveals sophisticated defensive wall systems dating from 4,000 to 1,000 years ago. These structures, examined at sites like Sarazm, Koktepa, and Afrasiab (Samarqand), demonstrate advanced urban planning during the Bronze and Iron Ages, with walls serving as key defenses against nomadic migrations and reflecting Achaemenid imperial influence. The study integrates findings on irrigation, metallurgy, and trade to highlight the region's role in early urbanization, offering new insights into the social and political dynamics of proto-urban development.

Shakirova, M. M. Q. (2025). SUG'DIYONA HUDUDIDAGI ILK SHAHARLAR VA ULARNING MUDOFAA DEVORLARI (M.A. IV–I MING YILLIKLAR). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17545249