Berlin

Berlin, during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, emerged as a significant cultural and political hub in Europe. The city's transformation from a war-ready capital under Frederick II to a symbol of Prussian grandeur under Frederick William III is highlighted by its architectural legacy, including palaces and parks in Berlin and Potsdam. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's brief visit in 1778 captures the city's dynamic atmosphere, while key military events such as Napoleon's defeats at Grossbeeren (1813) and Leipzig marked pivotal moments in European history. The study underscores Berlin's evolving role as a center of power, memory, and architectural representation, reflecting the ambitions of Prussian kings and their enduring influence on the city's landscape.

Röder-Bolton, G. (2017). Berlin. George Eliot in Germany, 1854–55, 105–120. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315254425-8