Morphology, ethology, new records, and ecological niche modeling for Hydromorphus and Tretanorhinus (Squamata, Colubridae) in Panama

A comprehensive study of Hydromorphus and Tretanorhinus aquatic snakes in Panama reveals significant range extensions, particularly for Hydromorphus dunni, with new records extending its distribution by over 270 km. The research, combining literature reviews and fieldwork, documents 34 new localities across four species, including previously unreported variation in cephalic scales that strengthens taxonomic diagnosis. Additionally, the study provides an updated morphological key and sheds light on the trophic ecology of Tretanorhinus nigroluteus by documenting necrophagy behavior. These findings enhance the ecological understanding of these elusive snakes, supporting future conservation efforts in Panama.

Fuentes, R., Batista, A., Ponce, M., Urriola, M., Muñóz, K., Castillo, M., Aschcroft, J., Baules-Aguilar, A., Zambrano, E., Elduayen, J., Bonilla, E., Garcés, O., Añino, Y., González, K., Rodríguez, L. C., Venkrbec, T., Quintero-Arrieta, H., & Flores, E. E. (2026). Morphology, ethology, new records, and ecological niche modeling for Hydromorphus and Tretanorhinus (Squamata, Colubridae) in Panama. Herpetozoa, 39, 91–108. https://doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.39.e173419