The world's deepest subterranean community - Krubera-Voronja Cave (Western Caucasus)

An expedition to Krubera-Voronja Cave, the world's deepest cave at over 2140 meters, uncovered a previously unknown subterranean community of arthropods, including more than 12 species, some of which are new to science. This discovery challenges the notion that deep subterranean ecosystems are evolutionary dead ends, instead highlighting their role as shelters for epigean species during harsh surface conditions. The study also revealed the vertical distribution of invertebrate fauna, from the cave entrance to its deepest reaches, and identified the world's deepest dwelling arthropod. The research suggests that these deep ecosystems rely heavily on allochthonous organic carbon sources, such as water percolation and sinking streams, for their survival.

Sendra, A., & Reboleira, A. (2012). The world’s deepest subterranean community - Krubera-Voronja Cave (Western Caucasus). International Journal of Speleology, 41(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.41.2.9