Digital surface model based on aerial image stereo pairs for 3D building

A digital surface model (DSM) of Fez's historic Medina was successfully constructed using high-accuracy aerial image stereo pairs and matching methods. This approach enabled detailed 3D city modeling, revealing critical insights into building volumes, land use zoning, and urban density—key factors for the rehabilitation and conservation of this complex, labyrinthine cityscape. The DSM, derived from 2007 aerial photographs with 1/4000 accuracy, provides a robust tool for sustainable urban planning in Fez, one of Morocco's most significant tourism destinations and architectural challenges.

El Garouani, A., Alobeid, A., & El Garouani, S. (2014). Digital surface model based on aerial image stereo pairs for 3D building. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 3(1), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2014.06.004