Optimizing Off-Grid Residential Building in Mountainous Climates Using NSGA-II Multi-Objective Algorithm: A Case Study in Saint Catherine, Egypt

A novel computational framework integrating Climate Consultant, Design Builder, PVSYST, and SketchUp with NSGA-II optimization has been developed to achieve minimal annual energy consumption (5710 kWh) and enhanced occupant comfort (315 discomfort hours) for off-grid residential buildings in the mountainous climate of Saint Catherine, Egypt. This approach co-optimized architectural parameters such as orientation, insulation, glazing ratios, and solar system design, incorporating passive strategies like Trombe walls and double low-E glazing with smart operational controls. The optimized solar microgrid demonstrated a performance ratio of 72.5% and delivered a 77.4% cost saving over 20 years compared to grid electricity. This replicable workflow offers a sustainable solution for energy-independent housing in remote, high-irradiance areas, advancing design practices in Egypt.

Elfayoumy, A., Elfayoumy, M., & Elfayoumy, M. (2026). Optimizing Off-Grid Residential Building in Mountainous Climates Using NSGA-II Multi-Objective Algorithm: A Case Study in Saint Catherine, Egypt. JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 0(0), 0. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2026.437986.1828