The Garden Ponds of Baekje and Asuka

A comparative analysis of garden ponds from the ancient kingdoms of Baekje (Korea) and Asuka (Japan) reveals striking technical and design similarities, suggesting significant cultural exchange. Both regions employed a linear rectangular form as the basic pond structure and utilized vertical construction techniques. However, differences emerged in material use: Baekje's ponds featured diverse stone types for shores and soil floors enabling lotus cultivation, while Asuka's used rounded river stones and paved floors, precluding plant growth. Ornamental stones were used in Baekje's landscaping, whereas Asuka incorporated manmade islands and water intake facilities. The study highlights Baekje's influence on Asuka's garden pond construction, demonstrating a refined technical unity in Asuka's designs.

Baik, J. S., & Kim, J. S. (2018). The Garden Ponds of Baekje and Asuka. Journal of Environmental Science International, 27(2), 123–133. https://doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2018.27.2.123