An Investigative Assessment of Recurrent Compositional Characteristics Within Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper

A two-decade investigation of Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper reveals recurring anthropomorphic and compositional characteristics behind Christ, observed through advanced imaging techniques. The study employed non-invasive methods—including high-resolution photography, tonal-density mapping, and AI-assisted analysis—to document these features without advancing a predetermined conclusion. While the exact explanation remains unresolved, potential causes include deterioration, restoration history, or underlying compositional layers. This work serves as a historical record for future conservation and multidisciplinary research, offering new insights into Renaissance art and mural preservation.

Michael Francis Ph.D. (2026). An Investigative Assessment of Recurrent Compositional Characteristics Within Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper (Version 1.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20836037