Altitudinal distribution, diversity, and conservation of pines and oaks in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

Research reveals that the distribution and diversity of pine (Pinus) and oak (Quercus) species in Mexico's Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve are significantly influenced by human activities, such as logging and agriculture. The study found that while alpha diversity did not vary with elevation, beta diversity exhibited an inverted hump pattern at both high and low elevations, likely due to anthropogenic disturbances. Pinus pseudostrobus and Quercus laurina emerged as the dominant species, with the least abundant species showing the most restricted geographic ranges. To analyze these patterns, scientists established six elevation transects (2,250–3,300 m above sea level) with 32 points spaced 150 meters apart, recording 25 trees per site with a diameter at breast height of at least 10 cm. This work underscores the need for targeted conservation strategies to preserve the biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by these crucial tree species.

Guerrero-Marmolejo, A., Pérez-Salicrup, D. R., Martínez-Ramos, M., & Ramírez, M. I. (2025). Altitudinal distribution, diversity, and conservation of pines and oaks in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 96, e965345. https://doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2025.96.5345