Unmasking Stakeholders at World Heritage Sites

A diverse array of stakeholders at the Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape World Heritage Site (MCLWHS) have been identified, categorized, and profiled, revealing complex dynamics and governance challenges. The study highlights that while government departments, agencies, UNESCO, farmers, tourism, and private sectors dominate decision-making processes, Indigenous and Descendant Communities (IDCs) remain marginalized despite their demands for governance roles, development benefits, and access to shrines. Conflicts over land ownership, use, and resource access are prevalent, marked by counter-claims, intense negotiations, and rivalries among stakeholders. This suggests that stakeholder engagement at World Heritage Sites must be an ongoing process to address these tensions effectively.

Taruvinga, P. (2022). Unmasking Stakeholders at World Heritage Sites. Stakeholder Perspectives on World Heritage and Development in Africa, 102–125. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003149361-5