Leonardo's Score - La Geometria Intonata (it) Leonardo's Last Supper: The Hidden Score — Proportion, Harmony and Perspective in Santa Maria delle Grazie

Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper (1494–98) in the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie is revealed to follow a sophisticated, harmonized geometric system that challenges traditional assumptions about its construction. The study demonstrates that Leonardo structured the space using a modular unit 'n', with ratios 1:4:1 for the ceiling and 2:1:2 for the lateral walls, creating a symmetric, bilaterally balanced composition centered on Christ. Unlike prior analyses suggesting a square-based grid leading to distortions, this research shows these deformations arise from methodological assumptions rather than Leonardo's design. Verified through CAD analysis, the system avoids perspective acceleration, instead using a single diagonal as both a spatial vector and a focal point toward Christ. The findings suggest Leonardo anticipated geometric solids later illustrated with Luca Pacioli, highlighting his integration of mathematical precision and artistic innovation.

De Leo, G. (2026). Leonardo's Score - La Geometria Intonata (it) Leonardo's Last Supper: The Hidden Score — Proportion, Harmony and Perspective in Santa Maria delle Grazie. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.20334161