Los Límites Septentrionales del Imperio Inca y el Qhapaq Ñan Vistos desde la Arqueología y la Historiografía del Sur Andino de Colombia

Archaeological and historiographical evidence from the Nariño department (Colombia) and Carchi province (Ecuador) reveals that while the northern Andes may not have been fully integrated into the Inca Empire, distinct Andean cultural elements persisted independently of imperial influence. The study highlights the significance of Qhapaq Ñan, the Inca road system, in shaping social and spatial dynamics along the empire's northern frontier during the Spanish conquest. By analyzing communication networks and regional interactions, researchers demonstrate that certain Andean characteristics—such as architectural or material culture traits—emerged without direct ties to Inca governance, challenging assumptions about the extent of imperial control.

Bernal Vélez, A. (2020). LOS LÍMITES SEPTENTRIONALES DEL IMPERIO INCA Y EL QHAPAQ ÑAN VISTOS DESDE LA ARQUEOLOGÍA Y LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA DEL SUR ANDINO DE COLOMBIA. Chungará (Arica), (ahead), 0. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562020005001701