Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review

Amazonia, home to the planet's greatest biodiversity, exhibits a complex evolutionary history that has shaped its unique genetic and ecological landscape. This review highlights key events—from the late Cretaceous origin of major rainforest groups to Pleistocene climate oscillations—that have influenced species diversification, coexistence, and adaptation over millions of years. The study underscores the profound impact of geological changes, such as the uplift of the Andes and formation of the Panamanian Isthmus, on Amazonian biodiversity, while also noting the devastating effects of modern anthropogenic pressures like deforestation and defaunation. Strategic conservation efforts are emphasized to protect and monitor this biodiversity, ensuring the continuity of evolutionary processes amidst ongoing ecological transformations.

GUAYASAMIN, J. M., RIBAS, C. C., CARNAVAL, A. C., CARRILLO, J. D., HOORN, C., LOHMANN, L. G., RIFF, D., ULLOA ULLOA, C., & ALBERT, J. S. (2024). Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review. Acta Amazonica, 54(spe1). https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202103601