On the Techniques of the Wood Frames on the Stonewalls in Khmer Architecture

A significant shift in Khmer architectural techniques during the transition from wooden to stone construction (9th–12th centuries) is revealed, focusing on the integration of wooden roof structures with stone walls. The study identifies that Koh Ker monuments lacked a pole plate, unlike later structures like Preah Vihear and East Mebon, where the beam was placed directly on the wall before being inverted over the pole plate by the 11th century. Decorative stone elements mimicking roof tiles emerged during this period, with the beam and pole plate sizes equalizing and stone covers added for protection against rain. By analyzing Preah Vihear’s construction phases alongside other temples, researchers propose a timeline of architectural evolution, correlating techniques with specific kings' reigns (e.g., Jayavarman IV to Udayadityavarman II). This work refines earlier proposals by Parmentier and Sahai, offering a clearer framework for dating Khmer monuments based on technical innovations.

MIZOGUCHI, A., NAKAGAWA, T., KOIWA, M., ISHIZUKA, M., & KUROIWA, C. (2017). ON THE TECHNIQUES OF THE WOOD FRAMES ON THE STONEWALLS IN KHMER ARCHITECTURE. Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 82(741), 2969–2978. https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.82.2969