Mammal and herpetofauna diversity and activity patterns in the Lumbini Crane Sanctuary, Nepal

A study in the Lumbini Crane Sanctuary, Nepal, revealed distinct activity patterns among five mammal species—Blue Bull, Golden Jackal, Indian Hare, Indian Grey Mongoose, and Wild Boar—in response to human and livestock activity. Blue Bulls were consistently active during the day, peaking in late afternoon, while Golden Jackals and Wild Boars exhibited bimodal activity, avoiding peak human hours. The Indian Hare and Wild Boar showed highest activity in early mornings when human presence was minimal. These patterns suggest behavioral adaptations to anthropogenic pressures, including habitat destruction and pollution. The research documented 16 mammal species and 12 herpetofaunal species using camera traps, line transects, sign surveys, and interviews over two months (September–October 2022). Sustainable tourism and long-term studies were highlighted as critical for conservation efforts in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Banjade, B., Bhuju, U. R., Suwal, R. N., & Awasthi, B. (2024). Mammal and herpetofauna diversity and activity patterns in the Lumbini Crane Sanctuary, Nepal. Nepal Journal of Environmental Science, 12(2), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.3126/njes.v12i2.71434