Root holoparasite Balanophora polyandra Griff. (Balanophoraceae) in eastern Himalaya (Sikkim, India): distribution, range, status and threats

A rare root holoparasite, Balanophora polyandra, has been documented for the first time within two protected areas in eastern Himalaya: Khangchendzonga National Park and Pangolakha Wildlife Sanctuary. This study mapped its distribution across Sikkim using field surveys and herbarium records, revealing a limited range and highlighting significant threats to its populations. The research underscores the vulnerability of this poorly studied genus, which thrives as a parasite on root systems in temperate and tropical Asian regions. By combining empirical data with conservation analysis, the study provides critical insights into the ecological status and preservation needs of B. polyandra, contributing to broader efforts to protect biodiversity in UNESCO-listed sites.

Chhetri, P. K., O’Neill, A. R., & Chhetri, B. (2018). Root holoparasite Balanophora polyandra Griff. (Balanophoraceae) in eastern Himalaya (Sikkim, India): distribution, range, status and threats. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 10(8), 12123–12129. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.3644.10.8.12123-12129