Dynamic Symmetry, Harmony, and Balance in Naqsh-E-Jahan Square of Ispahan

Naqsh-e-Jahan Square in Isfahan, a prototype of Persian urban design, exemplifies dynamic symmetry—a nuanced approach to balance and harmony that transcends traditional definitions. Unlike absolute symmetry, its architectural elements embody relative asymmetry within symmetrical frameworks, creating a fluid interplay that enhances visual and spatial coherence. This study redefines symmetry by analyzing the square's design, revealing how it achieves harmony through layered, evolving patterns rather than rigid uniformity. The research contrasts this dynamic approach with contemporary understandings of symmetry, offering insights into the adaptability of architectural principles across eras.

Alizadeh, M., & Pimenta do Vale, C. (2022). Dynamic Symmetry, Harmony, and Balance in Naqsh-E-Jahan Square of Ispahan. Symmetry: Art and Science | 12th SIS-Symmetry Congress, 104–112. https://doi.org/10.24840/1447-607x/2022/12-12-104