Geomorphology of the lower Mesopotamian plain at Tell Zurghul archaeological site

A multi-sensor remote sensing approach has revealed the complex Holocene geomorphic evolution of the Lower Mesopotamian Plain (LMP), highlighting the interplay between fluvial processes, anthropogenic water management, and tidal-influenced delta systems. The study, centered on Tell Zurghul archaeological site in the ancient State of Lagash, identified active and relict fluvial landforms, including lobate deltaic bodies and terminal distributary channels (TDCs), which supplied critical water resources for early civilizations like Nasiriyah and Al-Amara. The research used satellite imagery and topographic analysis over 2850 km² to map the geometry, spatial distribution, and activity of erosional and constructional landforms, while also documenting anthropogenic features and aeolian deposits. This work provides a detailed geomorphological framework for understanding the landscape dynamics that supported Mesopotamia's early urban development.

Iacobucci, G., Troiani, F., Milli, S., & Nadali, D. (2022). Geomorphology of the lower Mesopotamian plain at Tell Zurghul archaeological site. Journal of Maps, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2112772