Green roof ecosystem services in various urban development types: A case study in Graz, Austria

Green roofs could be implemented on 87% of the investigated roof area in Graz, Austria, with 63% of these areas identified as having a high need for greening to deliver critical ecosystem services such as microclimate regulation, air quality improvement, stormwater retention, and biodiversity enhancement. A paradox emerged: while roofs in block and row developments are more suitable for greening due to their dimensions and construction, historical perimeter blocks—common in inner-city areas where green roofs are most needed—pose greater challenges. This study highlights the need for tailored greening strategies that account for urban development types and environmental conditions, offering insights applicable to other historically compact European cities.

Hoeben, A. D., & Posch, A. (2021). Green roof ecosystem services in various urban development types: A case study in Graz, Austria. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 62, 127167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127167