Equilibrium and non‐equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galápagos islands

Avian diversity in the Galápagos Islands is not at equilibrium but continues to rise, challenging long-held assumptions about insular biotas. Unlike most terrestrial birds, which diversify slowly without ecological constraints, Darwin's finches rapidly reach a carrying capacity and follow a coalescent-like diversification process. This dual dynamic—simultaneous operation of both non-equilibrium (ascending diversity) and equilibrium (carrying capacity) processes—was revealed using a novel phylogenetic method that estimates biota assembly rates for entire communities. The findings suggest remote islands like the Galápagos may experience persistent biodiversity increases, complicating traditional ecological paradigms.

Valente, L. M., Phillimore, A. B., & Etienne, R. S. (2015). Equilibrium and non‐equilibrium dynamics simultaneously operate in the Galápagos islands. Ecology Letters, 18(8), 844–852. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12461