GNSS-based long-term deformation at Mount Etna volcano (Italy)

Mount Etna's eastern flank exhibits significant seaward motion, with deformation rates reaching up to 60 mm/year along the Pernicana fault, highlighting ongoing flank instability as a dominant process. This finding was derived from a GNSS-based analysis of long-term volcanic deformation (2004–2018) using 32 reference stations in Sicily to isolate volcanic signals from tectonic background noise. The study also detected minor contraction at the volcano's base and slight uplift, suggesting complex interactions between magmatic doming, local, and regional tectonics. Contrasting deformation patterns—radial inflation/deflation on the northwestern flank versus vigorous seaward motion on the eastern side—further underscore Etna's dynamic instability.

Palano, M., Calcaterra, S., Gambino, P., Porfidia, B., & Sparacino, F. (2023). GNSS-based long-term deformation at Mount Etna volcano (Italy). Results in Geophysical Sciences, 14, 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ringps.2023.100056