Sourcing the Megalithic Stones of Nan Madol: an XRF Study of Architectural Basalt Stone from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Nan Madol, a sprawling 81-hectare ceremonial complex on Pohnpei, reveals sophisticated stone-sourcing practices by its builders. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicates a preference for columnar basalt from the island’s main shield volcanic stage (7-8 million years ago), while boulders were primarily sourced from post-shield stage Temwen Island, with occasional use of mainland Pohnpei material. The study also suggests dynamic shifts in quarry selection, potentially due to resource depletion or evolving social and political priorities. This research sheds light on the complex logistics and cultural significance underlying Nan Madol’s construction.

McCoy, M. D., & Athens, J. S. (2011). Sourcing the Megalithic Stones of Nan Madol: an XRF Study of Architectural Basalt Stone from Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Journal of Pacific Archaeology, 3(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.70460/jpa.v3i1.68