Deciphering Iconographic Symbolism and Spatial Significance: An Evaluation of the Hazuri Bagh Baradari (1818–1819), Lahore's Sikh Architectural Heritage

The Hazuri Bagh Baradari (1818–1819) in Lahore, built during Ranjit Singh’s Sikh rule, was strategically positioned between the Badshahi Mosque and Lahore Fort to symbolize Sikh sovereignty. Its iconographic elements reflect a hybrid architectural style, representing cross-cultural interactions beyond mere aesthetics. This study reveals that the Baradari's location and design were not coincidental but purposeful, reinforcing Ranjit Singh’s authority while maintaining cultural continuity from the Mughal era. The research employs qualitative methods, primarily literature review, to analyze its spatial significance and ornamental symbolism. Further comparative studies on Sikh architecture across South Asia are recommended.

(Ed.). (2026). Deciphering Iconographic Symbolism and Spatial Significance: An Evaluation of the Hazuri Bagh Baradari (1818–1819), Lahore’s Sikh Architectural Heritage. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 10(II). https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2026(10-ii)14