Empress, Virgin, Ecclesia. The Icon of Santa Maria in Trastevere in the Early Byzantine Context

A new analysis of the icon of Santa Maria in Trastevere reveals that its depiction of the Virgin as Empress, known as 'Maria Regina,' reflects broader early Byzantine influences rather than solely Roman ones. The icon, dated to the late 6th to early 8th century using encaustic technique and stylistic characteristics, challenges the traditional view that this imagery originated exclusively from papal political aspirations in Rome. Instead, it suggests a shared religious heritage across the Christian world shaped its portrayal of the Mother of God as Empress, Virgin, and Ecclesia. This study recontextualizes the icon by examining contemporary female imagery and Marian theology, providing insight into the cultural and theological currents that influenced early medieval art.

Lidova, M. (2016). Empress, Virgin, Ecclesia. The Icon of Santa Maria in Trastevere in the Early Byzantine Context. Ikon, 9, 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1484/j.ikon.4.00010