Representations of calendars and time at Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe support an astronomical interpretation of their symbolism

Göbekli Tepe, a prehistoric site in southern Turkey, features intricate carvings that align with an astronomical interpretation, supported by new evidence. The study reveals that V-symbols on Pillar 43 in Enclosure D represent the oldest known lunisolar calendar system, comprising 11 months and 11 epagomenal days. This interpretation extends to Göbekli Tepe's 11-pillar enclosures and a nearby megalithic pool structure at Karahan Tepe, suggesting a shared symbolic framework. Additionally, V-symbol necklaces depicted in statues and carvings across the region may symbolize time-controlling or creator deities, linking Neolithic cultures to later traditions in the Fertile Crescent. The findings also connect to the Younger Dryas impact and theories on the origins of agriculture in the region.

Sweatman, M. B. (2024). Representations of calendars and time at Göbekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe support an astronomical interpretation of their symbolism. Time and Mind, 17(3-4), 191–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696x.2024.2373876