Upstream land-use negatively affects river flow dynamics in the Serengeti National Park

Upstream land-use changes, including increased commercial-scale irrigation and livestock grazing, have significantly disrupted river flow dynamics in the Serengeti National Park (SNP), threatening its water supply and ecosystem. Research shows that while the baseflow recession period for the Mbalageti River—an internal system within SNP—has remained stable at 70 days, the Mara River's recession period has plummeted from 100 days in the 1970s to just 16 days today due to water extraction for irrigation upstream. Proposed dams could further exacerbate this issue, leading to zero river flow within SNP. Additionally, severe erosion from livestock grazing has caused sediment buildup, risking the drying out of critical dry-season water holes essential for wildlife. The study highlights the urgent need for ecohydrology-based solutions to mitigate catchment degradation and ensure sustainable water provision in this UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kihwele, E. S., Veldhuis, M. P., Loishooki, A., Hongoa, J. R., Hopcraft, J. G. C., Olff, H., & Wolanski, E. (2021). Upstream land-use negatively affects river flow dynamics in the Serengeti National Park. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 21(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecohyd.2020.12.004