How to estimate population size in crocodylians? Population ecology of American crocodiles in Coiba Island as study case

A minimum population size of ~112 non-hatchling American crocodiles was estimated on Coiba Island, Panama, revealing that traditional spotlight survey methods (Messel's and King's visible fraction estimations) significantly underestimate populations. The most robust estimate, ranging from 147 to 257 individuals, was derived using the POPAN mark–recapture method, accounting for sex and age groups. This study highlights critical biases in population estimation techniques and provides recommendations to improve accuracy. By comparing findings with other insular and coastal regions, it advances understanding of American crocodile ecology, offering valuable insights for conservation efforts at UNESCO World Heritage Site Coiba National Park.

Balaguera‐Reina, S. A., Venegas‐Anaya, M. D., Rivera‐Rivera, B., Morales Ramírez, D. A., & Densmore, L. D. (2018). How to estimate population size in crocodylians? Population ecology of American crocodiles in Coiba Island as study case. Ecosphere, 9(10). Portico. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2474