The Spatial Feature of the Old Summer Palace of China from the Aspect of Architectural Disposition on the Qing Dynasty Painting "Forty Scenes of the Yuanmingyuan"

A key insight from this study is that the Old Summer Palace's garden spaces, as depicted in Qing Dynasty paintings, not only adhered to traditional ethical codes but also incorporated innovative architectural dispositions. These innovations emphasized imperial authority in political and ritual spaces, highlighted central activity areas in religious spaces, prioritized privacy and safety in living quarters while integrating natural scenery, and reinforced royal status through regular configurations in touring spaces. The research employed cluster analysis to categorize the architectural layouts of 40 gardens into four types, examining their spatial features based on these dispositions.

ZHANG, Y., MA, J., & ZHANG, J. (2016). The Spatial Feature of the Old Summer Palace of China from the Aspect of Architectural Disposition on the Qing Dynasty Painting “Forty Scenes of the Yuanmingyuan”. Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture, 79(5), 409–412. https://doi.org/10.5632/jila.79.409