Non-destructive XRF Analyses of Fine-grained Basalts from Eiao, Marquesas Islands

A new study reveals that the Marquesan island of Eiao was a significant source of fine-grained basalt, with evidence suggesting extraction from multiple sites across the island. Researchers analyzed 225 basalt specimens using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques, identifying two distinct geochemical groups: Group 1, which aligns with previously documented tool-quality basalt, and Group 2, characterized by coarser grain, reddish color, and unique geochemistry. The findings indicate that Group 2 stone was widely utilized on Eiao and distributed at least to Hiva Oa Island, challenging the notion of a single quarry site. This study significantly expands our understanding of basalt distribution and utilization in Central East Polynesia.

Charleux, M., McAlister, A., Mills, P. R., & Lundblad, S. P. (2014). Non-destructive XRF Analyses of Fine-grained Basalts from Eiao, Marquesas Islands. Journal of Pacific Archaeology, 5(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.70460/jpa.v5i1.130