Protocol for assessing and managing radon gas exposure risks in caves: A case study of Altaomira and Paleolithic cave art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site

A significant health risk for workers and researchers in tourist caves, such as the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Altamira, stems from exposure to radon gas. This study reveals that radon levels fluctuate substantially due to seasonal ventilation patterns driven by thermal gradients between the cave and external atmosphere. Using International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines, it calculates the maximum allowable working hours to comply with European and Spanish regulations, which set an annual dose limit of 20 mSv for occupational exposure. The research underscores the need for continuous radon monitoring and tailored management strategies, such as adjusting work schedules and restricting access during high-radon periods. It also highlights the limitations of passive radon detectors, which tend to underestimate actual radon levels compared to continuous monitoring. The study provides a protocol for managing radon exposure in culturally significant caves while ensuring worker and visitor safety.

Sanchez-Moral, S., Lario, J., Cuezva, S., Carlos Cañaveras, J., Martín-Pozas, T., & Fernández-Cortés, A. (2025). Protocol for assessing and managing radon gas exposure risks in caves: A case study of Altaomira and Paleolithic cave art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site. International Journal of Speleology, 54(3). https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806x.ijs2570