The active microbes and biochemical processes contributing to deterioration of Angkor sandstone monuments under the tropical climate in Cambodia – A review

Recent research highlights the significant role of active microbes and biochemical processes in the deterioration of Angkor's sandstone monuments. The study reveals that both sulfur and nitrogen cycles are actively driven by specific microorganisms, including sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, fungi, and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), which are more abundant than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) on these structures. This shift in research focus from inactive to biochemically functional microbes provides crucial insights for the preservation of cultural heritage. The investigation utilized both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to identify the microbiota associated with sandstone, emphasizing the importance of understanding these processes for effective protection and management strategies.

Li, J., Deng, M., Gao, L., Yen, S., Katayama, Y., & Gu, J.-D. (2021). The active microbes and biochemical processes contributing to deterioration of Angkor sandstone monuments under the tropical climate in Cambodia – A review. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 47, 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2020.10.010