Nubians in Egypt during the 25th Dynasty

During the 25th Dynasty, Nubians in Egypt were not distinct as a separate ethnic group but were instead an integral part of Late Egyptian society. While they exhibited high levels of 'Egyptianization,' evidence from temple, cultic, and funerary contexts at sites like Karnak, Asasif, and Umm el-Qaab reveals their complex cultural identity beyond ancestry. Non-Egyptian names and foreign elements in personal representation suggest visibility as non-Egyptians, but generalized terms like 'the Nubians in Egypt' oversimplify their multifaceted presence. This study challenges the notion of a monolithic Nubian identity, emphasizing individuality and cultural integration.

Budka, J. (2021). Nubians in Egypt during the 25th Dynasty. The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Nubia, 475–490. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190496272.013.23