A comprehensive analysis of human and livestock attacks in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Northern, Tanzania: Patterns, determinants and management strategies

Buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) are the primary species responsible for human attacks in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, with attack likelihood influenced by proximity to forests and human age. Children are particularly vulnerable, while elephant attacks more frequently result in lethal outcomes. Lions, typically nocturnal predators, predominantly target livestock during daytime grazing, with sheep and goats being especially at risk due to their size and grazing practices. The study analyzed nine years of data (2015-2023) using zero-truncated negative binomial regression models to evaluate predictors of wildlife attacks. It highlights the need for tailored conservation strategies, including enhanced livestock management and community education, to mitigate risks associated with human-wildlife interactions.

Bajuta, E. S., Hariohay, K. M., Kideghesho, J. R., Arukwe, A., Røskaft, E., & Ranke, P. S. (2025). A comprehensive analysis of human and livestock attacks in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Northern, Tanzania: Patterns, determinants and management strategies. Global Ecology and Conservation, 62, e03816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03816