Sustainability Assessment of Geotourism Consumption Based on Energy–Water–Waste–Economic Nexus: Evidence from Zhangye Danxia National Geopark

A novel sustainability assessment model reveals that geotourism at Zhangye Danxia National Geopark, part of China's UNESCO-listed Danxia Landforms, can enhance economic and social benefits while managing environmental impacts. The study finds that elderly tourists, children, and high-income visitors contribute more to sustainable geotourism, with longer stays and higher energy consumption initially negatively affecting sustainability but diminishing in impact as tourism consumption levels improve. Positive drivers include tourism expenditure, travel mode, and ecological awareness, while new energy technologies are highlighted for promoting green development. This research provides a framework for assessing geoheritage sustainability and informs policy recommendations for balanced growth.

Xia, B. (2024). Sustainability Assessment of Geotourism Consumption Based on Energy–Water–Waste–Economic Nexus: Evidence from Zhangye Danxia National Geopark. Land, 13(11), 1857. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111857