Effects of tree-length timber skidding on soil compaction in the skid trail in Hyrcanian forests

Tree-length timber skidding significantly increases soil compaction in Hyrcanian forests, with uphill slopes exacerbating the effect. The study found that 5.2% of the harvesting unit's area experienced disturbance and compaction when using rubber-tired skidders (Timberjack 450 C). Compaction was most pronounced during the initial passes but continued to deepen and intensify with increased traffic, affecting soil up to 20-30 cm in depth. Slope steepness played a critical role in soil disturbance, highlighting the need for designated skid trails to mitigate environmental impact. This research underscores the importance of careful logging practices to preserve soil integrity in these UNESCO-listed forests.

Jourgholami, M., Majnounain, B., & Etehadi Abari, M. (2014). Effects of tree-length timber skidding on soil compaction in the skid trail in Hyrcanian forests. Forest Systems, 23(2), 288–293. https://doi.org/10.5424/fs/2014232-03766