A review of the limnology of the Okavango Delta, Botswana

The Okavango Delta, Botswana, exhibits naturally low solute concentrations due to minimal chemical weathering and absent anthropogenic nutrient sources. However, these solutes accumulate beneath treed-islands via evapotranspiration, offsetting the typical concentration seen in endorheic ecosystems. This unique freshwater environment supports high biodiversity despite its semi-arid setting. The study highlights critical knowledge gaps, including the role of atmospheric deposition and animal excretion as nutrient sources, the impact of hydro-period on trace element distribution in sediments and flora/fauna, and the potential bioaccumulation risks for wildlife and human health. These findings underscore the need for further research to inform effective management strategies.

Gondwe, M. J., Murray-Hudson, M., Mazrui, N. M., Moses, O., Mosimanyana, E., & Mogobe, O. (2021). A review of the limnology of the Okavango Delta, Botswana. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 46(3), 251–273. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2021.1882931