Humanity is What States Make of It?

This study reveals that the concept of humanity within the UNESCO World Heritage regime (2010–2022) is shaped by state assertions and contestations, reflecting a multipolar world order. It identifies a third iteration of humanity—one defined as a diverse community represented by states—while acknowledging persistent liberal visions. The research argues that this iteration endures due to institutional infrastructures sustaining the List of World Heritage sites, which adjudicate global political visions. Focusing on nominations like Bikini Atoll and the Silk Roads, it explores how interpretive practices and debates on universal value influence peace and solidarity. The analysis combines political theory with empirical examination of regime dynamics.

Kalaycioglu, E. (2025). Humanity is What States Make of It? The Politics of World Heritage, 173–222. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780198912798.003.0005