Population structure and regeneration pattern of Himalayan birch ( Betula utilis D.Don) in the timberline zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, India

A study of the timberline zone in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, reveals that Betula utilis (Himalayan birch) is the dominant tree species, with significant regeneration potential. The research found high seedling and sapling densities, particularly on north aspects, indicating robust population structure and forest composition. Total tree stand density ranged from 1133 to 2137 individuals per hectare, while B. utilis alone accounted for 663 to 1525 individuals per hectare. The density-diameter curve exhibited a reverse J-shape, suggesting healthy regeneration with a sharp decline in mature trees. The study also recorded 346 plant species across 82 families, with Asteraceae being the most abundant. Urgent long-term ecological monitoring is recommended to assess changes in timberline vegetation and develop sustainable management plans.

Maletha, A., Maikhuri, R. K., & Bargali, S. S. (2021). Population structure and regeneration pattern of Himalayan birch ( Betula utilis D.Don) in the timberline zone of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Western Himalaya, India. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 7(3), 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/24749508.2021.1952767